| Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
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| Employers have a general duty under the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) to provide a workplace free from "recognized" hazards. A violation of this duty can lead to criminal sanctions in addition to civil penalties. An employer can also be exposed to liability under occupational safety and health regulations promulgated by the Secretary of the Department of Labor. Directors and high-level executive officers must act to reduce or eliminate workplace dangers or risk OSHA liability. More... |
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| Stock and Commodity Exchange Volatility Controls |
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| Stock exchanges such as the New York and American Stock Exchanges and trading facilities such as Nasdaq are considered self-regulatory organizations under federal securities laws. To reduce volatility, securities and commodities markets have adopted several mechanisms known as circuit breakers, the collar rule, and price limits.More... |
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| Employment Law |
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| (Protection for Whistleblowers on Securities, Bank, Mail, and Wire Fraud)More... |
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| Independent Director Requirements for Nasdaq Listed Companies |
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| The Nasdaq Stock Exchange, Inc., has adopted Rule 4350(c)(1), which requires that every company listed on Nasdaq must have independent directors as the majority of the company's board of directors. Each listed company must publicly disclose which of its directors are considered independent by identifying the independent directors in the company's annual meeting proxy statement or in the company's annual report on Securities and Exchange Commission Form 10-K. More... |
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| Duty of Obedience |
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| Most jurisdictions recognize that directors have three basic fiduciary duties: the duty of care, the duty of loyalty, and the duty of obedience. The duty of obedience requires a director to act in furtherance of the business organization's goals and mission as stated in the articles of incorporation and bylaws.More... |
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